Formula

• — shear modulus^[1]
• — Young’s modulus
• — Poisson’s ratio

Energy

• — potential energy
• (aka. ) — shear modulus
• (constant) — triangle area / tetrahedron volume
• — deformed shape
• (constant) — undeformed shape
• (auxiliary) — rotation matrix

1. Introduction

Contributions

• a novel muscle activation model that offers more flexibility than standard fiber-based models
• a physics-based simulation method that retains realism even with significant external forces or substantial modifications of the face geometry and tissue material properties
• an inverse modeling optimization to adapt the simulation template to a series of expression scans of a specific person.